According to the study „Climate Status – Romania 2025”, the average annual temperature in Romania has already risen by over 3°C compared to the period from 1971 to 2000. Moreover, the years 2023 and 2024 are recorded as the hottest in the history of temperature measurements. Climate projections suggest that, under a pessimistic scenario, the temperature could increase by up to 4.24°C by the end of the century. This rise, particularly in the southern regions of the country, could lead to as many as 160 days per year with extreme temperatures.
Bucharest, ranking third in Europe for mortality risk associated with extreme temperatures, could potentially see up to 50,000 deaths by the century’s end. This alarming vulnerability is primarily caused by uncontrolled urban development, which significantly reduces green spaces and increases the density of built-up areas. This situation favors heat accumulation and hampers natural ventilation, making urban areas even hotter.
Experts highlight that these climate changes have a direct adverse impact on population health, pressing the need for urgent urban adaptation measures. Recommendations include expanding green spaces, reducing concrete surfaces, and implementing solutions aimed at cooling cities. These actions are essential in mitigating the impacts of rising temperatures on city dwellers’ health and well-being.
Addressing the effects of climate change in urban environments is crucial. City planners and authorities must prioritize the integration of green infrastructure into urban design. Expanding parks and green systems not only helps to lower temperatures but also improves air quality and enhances the overall quality of life for residents.
Urban heat islands, which arise due to extensive built-up areas absorbing and retaining heat, exacerbate the effects of climate change. By replacing some of these surfaces with vegetation and green roofs, cities can create a more balanced microclimate. These measures can lower ambient temperatures and provide significant health benefits, particularly for vulnerable populations such as the elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions.
Additionally, modern building designs should incorporate energy-efficient materials and practices that mitigate heat retention. Cool roofs, reflective pavements, and energy-efficient air conditioning systems are all vital components of a comprehensive strategy to address the impacts of climate change in urban settings.
Furthermore, raising public awareness about the health risks associated with extreme temperatures is essential. Communities need to be informed about preventive measures they can take during heatwaves, such as staying hydrated and avoiding outdoor activities during peak heat hours. Local governments and health organizations can play a significant role in disseminating this information and ensuring that residents understand the importance of both personal and community-level action against heat-related health risks.
In conclusion, Romania faces significant challenges due to climate change and rising temperatures. The projected increase in temperature, particularly in urban areas like Bucharest, necessitates immediate and effective adaptation strategies. It is essential for urban planners and policymakers to prioritize sustainable practices that not only enhance the resilience of cities but also safeguard the health and well-being of their inhabitants. Implementing these strategies can prevent a potential public health crisis as we move further into the 21st century.
